Exposure+to+violence

=Impact of Violence= Learning outcome: Discuss the effects of short‑term and long‑term exposure to violence.

Crane and Hannibal pages 297- 299 Handout - Hannibal - page 121 - 122

Answers to the questions below comprise the stages of an answer to this learning outcome, should it appear as an essay. (in exactly this order!)

Introduction: The Big Picture
Your answers to these questions can be used in introductions and/or conclusions for an essay on this learning outcome (You would then identify the key ST effects and LT effects this paper will discuss)
 * 1) Look at Olweus’ table (1992) on page 298. Do you agree with the distinction he has made between short-term and long-term effects? For example, depression could fall into both categories.
 * 2) Why is it difficult to establish the effects of ST and LT exposure to bullying?

Paragraph 1: Short-term exposure

 * 1) What impact does short-term exposure have on cortisol and brain development?
 * 2) What research supports your answer?
 * 3) Read this article []
 * What impact does exposure to bullying have on increasing risk factors for depression?
 * How might this translate into long-term depression?

Paragraph 2: Long-term exposure

 * 1) What impact does long-term exposure have on cortisol?
 * 2) What research supports your answer?
 * Review the Snyder study (Crane page 299) and the study on this link []
 * What perspective does the research provide?

Paragraph 3: Factors that impact on the effects of exposure

 * 1) What impact does the victim’s perceptions of control have on the way in which short-term or long-term exposure to bullying affects them?
 * 2) What impact might the existence of a support network for the victim have on the way in which short-term or long-term exposure to bullying affects them