Evidence+-+Universal+Empathy

EMPATHY IS UNIVERSAL (Biological Basis of Empathy?)

//Journal Articles (Reports)//
//Cognition// These results indicate that dynamic facial expressions elicit spontaneous and rapid facial mimicry, which functions both as a form of intra-individual processing and as inter-individual communication. PDF:
 * Spontaneous facial mimicry in response to dynamic facial expressions (Sato et al. 2007)**

//Emotion// The present results suggest that when making dynamic, real-time, judgments of others’ emotions in the kinds of interpersonal contexts in which most such judgments occur, we are equally adept at recognizing the emotions of in-group and out-group members. //NeuroImage// Motor cognition: a new paradigm to study self–other interactions ( Philip L Jackson and Jean Decety)
 * Emotion recognition across cultures : The influence of ethnicity on empathic accuracy and physiological linkage. (Soto et al. 2009) **
 * How do we perceive the pain of others? A window into the neural processes involved in empathy. (Jackson, Metzolf, Decety et. al 2004)**

//Current Opinion in Neurobiology//

//Journal Articles (Reviews)//
//Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews// Examining the Strengths and limitations of both the Adaptation and Association Explanations for the development of mirror neurons! Many studies within to further investigate.
 * Where do mirror neurons come from? (Heyes, 2010)**

//Neuroscience and Behavioural Reviews// Examining distinctions and connections between empathy and Theory of Mind (Mentalizing). Suggests that Empathy relies on limbic structures, which are developed early. (Basic need?)
 * The neuronal basis and ontogeny of empathy and mind reading: Review of literature and implications for future research (Singer 2006)**