Bio+principles+and+research

toc =Principles= These principles drive the approach to investigation within the Biological level of analysis.

Learning outcomes:

 * ** Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis //(for example, patterns of behaviour can be inherited; animal research may inform our understanding of human behaviour; cognitions, emotions and// behaviours are products of the anatomy and physiology of our nervous and endocrine systems)//.// **
 * ** Explain how principles that define the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in research (that is, theories and/or studies). **

** We have looked at 3 main principles ** __** If an SAQ asks for one, then only discuss ONE **__

There are biological correlates of behavior
Behavior can be connected to physiological events

The research

 * 1) role of neurotransmitters
 * serotonin
 * acetylcholine - Martinez and Kesner and the rats in the maze (non-human study)
 * 1) role of hormones
 * 2) effect of brain localization
 * Broca
 * Wernicke (generally explanations using the case-studies from either Broca or Wernicke are not well done because you simply don't provide enough detail from our reading. If your notes are not detailed enough, then use Maguire and the role of the hippocampus
 * Maguire (hippocampus and spatial memory
 * H.M. (memory processing, storage of new memories, and the hippocampus)

Behavior is innate

 * 1) our genes play a role in behavior

Twin studies and intelligence (Bouchard et al.)
 * The research**

**Animal research can provide us with information from which we may draw inferences about human behavior**

 * Explain WHY we would use animals instead of humans**

**The research**

 * Martinez and Kessner (acetylcholine, rats, mazes, memory)
 * Rosenzweig and Bennet (rats and brain plasticity)
 * Olds and Milner (rats and localization of function)
 * Gallese et al. (monkeys and mirror neurons)
 * Matsuzawa (spatial memory in chimps)