Research+at+the+Cognitive+LOA

===Discuss how and why particular research methods are used at the cognitive level of analysis (for example, experiments, observations, interviews). === //**Discuss -** Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.// This learning outcome expects you to be able to explain how we might **investigate** phenomena (or behavior) relevant to the cognitive level of analysis, such as:
 * schema
 * attention
 * memory
 * emotion


 * While often students ask whether brain scanning is a research method, technically speaking it is not - it is often used within a research method, such as case studies or experiments. **
 * So please do NOT write about brain scans as an actual __method__. **

**Traditional methods**
 * The experiment **
 *  Strength - allows for control of variables
 *  Limitation - reduction in ecological validity (explain) -> artificial environment

**Examples of experiments as illustration**
 *  Loftus and Palmer on eyewitness memory (aim, procedure, findings, strength of design/method, limitation of design/method)
 * Bransford & Johnson or Anderson & Pichert on activation of schema (aim, procedure, findings, strength of design/method, limitation of design/method)


 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">DO NOT USE **
 * Maguire is a QUASI experiment - the independent variable was NOT manipulated - please DO NOT write about this one.
 * Bartlett's work on schema theory was not an experiment, though it is often described as such.

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">**Other methods**
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5;">Case studies **
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5;"> research strategy that enables the researcher to investigate an individual, group etc. in more depth in the context of the research topic
 * <span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5;"> provides richer data

<span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">**Case Studies** <span style="color: #333333; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px;">On how brain damage has affected memory
 * <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"> HM (aim, procedure, findings, strength of design/method, limitation of design/method)
 * <span style="color: #333333; display: block; font-family: verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: left;"> Clive Wearing (aim, procedure, findings, strength of design/method, limitation of design/method)