Depression

=Depression=
 * Learning outcome: Describe __symptoms__ and __prevalence__ of one disorder **

Diagnostic criteria
(**symptoms**) DSM-IV-TR - There are 4 categories of criteria
 * A: 5 out of the list of 9 criteria __need to be present for at least 2 weeks__
 * These 5 must include **depressed mood** and l**oss of interest and pleasure**
 * B: symptoms cannot meet criteria for a mixed episode (Eg. characteristics of depressive and manic episode)
 * C: symptoms must cause significant distress in areas of functioning - eg. social or occupational (as in, the patient cannot function in his/her job - perhaps they cannot get out of bed to go to that job)
 * D: symptoms cannot be linked to other causes eg. bereavement, substance abuse

How much do you know about depression? [|Take this quiz]

Prevalence
Your notes must cover: Crane & Hannibal [|Global depression statistics Science Daily (July 2011)] [|Cross-national epidemiology of DSM-IV major depressive episode (Bromet et. al. BMC Medicine 2011, 9:90)] United States - [|NIMH - Statistics - Major Depressive Disorder among adults] [|The prevalence and impact of major depressive disorder among Chinese, Malays and Indians in an Asian multi-racial population]. (Chong et al. J Affect Disord. 2012 Apr;138(1-2) media type="youtube" key="NOAgplgTxfc" height="315" width="560"
 * Review notes and the teaching documentaries**
 * general prevalence
 * gender variations in prevalence
 * cultural variations in prevalence
 * Sources:**
 * pages 148 - 150 - Prevalence
 * pages 154 - 156 - Culture and Gender
 * Sapolsky on Depression in the United States - Stanford University**


 * Learning outcome: Discuss cultural and gender variations in prevalence of the disorder. **

**Gender considerations**
//"Women are 2 to 3 times more likely to become clinically depressed than men (Williams and Hargreaves 1995)"// Crane & Hannibal page 156
 * Review class work for evidence from studies. **

Cultural considerations
//"Cross-cultural research has demonstrated that there is a virtually identical core of symptoms present in depression in many different cultures ...however, in addition...there are manifestations which are culturally specific"// Crane & Hannibal page 155
 * Review class work for evidence from studies **


 * Learning outcome: Analyse etiologies (in terms of biological, cognitive and/or sociocultural factors) of the disorder **

Description and etiology
[] Crane and Hannibal pages 150 - 156 Law et al. pages 167 - 171 (handout)
 * Readings**

Interaction of biological, cognitive and sociocultural factors
Post your group model diagrams in the space below.



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