Command+Terms

=Command terms with definitions= //**Students should be familiar with the following key terms and phrases used in examination questions, which are to be understood as defined below. Although these terms will be used frequently in examination questions, other terms may be used to direct students to present an argument in a specific way. These command terms are grouped under associated assessment objectives in the section “Assessment objectives in practice”.**// (from the //Diploma Programme IB Psychology guide, for first exams 2011//)




 * Analyse** Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure.


 * Apply** Use an idea, equation, principle, theory or law in relation to a given problem or issue.


 * Compare** Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.


 * Compare and contrast** Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.


 * Contrast** Give an account of the differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.


 * Define** Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.


 * Describe** Give a detailed account.


 * Discuss** Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.


 * Distinguish** Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items.


 * Evaluate** Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.


 * Examine** Consider an argument or concept in a way that uncovers the assumptions and interrelationships of the issue.


 * Explain** Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.


 * Outline** Give a brief account or summary.


 * State** Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.


 * To what extent** Consider the merits or otherwise of an argument or concept. Opinions and conclusions should be presented clearly and supported with appropriate evidence and sound argument.